Who dated George Sand?

George Sand [ʒɔʁʒ sɑ̃d], nom de plume d'Aurore Dupin, par son mariage baronne Dudevant, est une romancière, dramaturge, épistolière, critique littéraire, journaliste et peintre française, née le 1^er juillet 1804 à Paris et morte le 8 juin 1876 au château de Nohant-Vic. Elle compte parmi les écrivains les plus prolifiques, avec plus de 70 romans à son actif et 50 volumes d'œuvres diverses dont des nouvelles, des contes, des pièces de théâtre et des textes politiques.

À l'image de son arrière-grand-mère, Louise Dupin, qu'elle admire, George Sand prend la défense des femmes, prône la passion, fustige le mariage et lutte contre les préjugés d'une société conservatrice.

George Sand a fait scandale par sa vie amoureuse agitée, par sa tenue vestimentaire masculine, dont elle a lancé la mode, par son pseudonyme masculin, qu'elle adopte dès 1829, et dont elle lance aussi la mode : après elle, Marie d'Agoult signe ses écrits « Daniel Stern », Delphine de Girardin prend, en 1843, le nom de plume de « vicomte Charles de Launay ».

Malgré la misogynie de nombreux détracteurs comme Charles Baudelaire ou Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, George Sand contribue activement à la vie intellectuelle de son époque, accueillant au domaine de Nohant ou à Palaiseau des personnalités aussi différentes que Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin, Marie d'Agoult, Honoré de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, Eugène Delacroix, Henri Chapu, conseillant les uns, encourageant les autres. Elle a entretenu une importante correspondance avec Victor Hugo bien que ces deux grandes personnalités ne se soient jamais rencontrées.

Elle s'est aussi illustrée par un engagement politique actif à partir de 1848, inspirant Alexandre Ledru-Rollin, participant au lancement de trois journaux : La Cause du peuple, Le Bulletin de la République, L'Éclaireur, plaidant auprès de Napoléon III la cause de condamnés, notamment celle de Victor Hugo dont elle admirait l'œuvre et dont elle a tenté d'obtenir la grâce après avoir éclipsé Notre-Dame de Paris avec Indiana, son premier roman.

Son œuvre est abondante et la campagne du Berry lui sert souvent de cadre. Ses premiers romans, comme Indiana (1832), bousculent les conventions sociales et magnifient la révolte des femmes en exposant les sentiments de ses contemporaines, chose exceptionnelle à l'époque et qui divisa aussi bien l'opinion publique que l'élite littéraire. Puis George Sand ouvre ses romans à la question sociale en défendant les ouvriers et les pauvres (Le Compagnon du Tour de France) et en imaginant une société sans classes et sans conflit (Mauprat, 1837 ; Le Meunier d'Angibault, 1845).

Elle se tourne ensuite vers le milieu paysan et écrit des romans champêtres idéalisés comme La Mare au diable (1846), François le Champi (1848), La Petite Fadette (1849), Les Maîtres sonneurs (1853).

George Sand a abordé d'autres genres comme l'autobiographie (Histoire de ma vie, 1855) et le roman historique avec Consuelo (1843) où elle brosse, à travers la figure d'une cantatrice italienne, le paysage artistique européen du XVIII^e siècle, ou encore Les Beaux Messieurs de Bois-Doré (1858) qui multiplie les péripéties amoureuses et aventureuses dans le contexte des oppositions religieuses sous le règne de Louis XIII. Vers la fin de sa vie, elle écrit une abondante œuvre théâtrale, restée largement inédite de son vivant.

Victor Borie, né le 11 septembre 1818 à Tulle et mort le 6 juillet 1880 à Paris 6^e, est un journaliste français.

لوي شارل ألفرد دي موسيه -باتاي (بالفرنسية: Louis Charles Alfred de Musset-Pathay) (وُلد في 11 ديسمبر 1810 وتوفي في 2 مايو 1857) شاعر فرنسي ومسرحي وروائي. يُعرف بشعره كما يُعرف بكتابه: اعترافات طفل من القرن (La Confession d'un enfant du siècle)، وهو سيرة ذاتية له.

Alexandre Manceau, né à Trappes le 3 mai 1817 et mort à Palaiseau le 21 août 1865, est un graveur et auteur dramatique français.

Prosper Mérimée (French: [pʁɔspɛʁ meʁime]; 28 September 1803 – 23 September 1870) was a French writer in the movement of Romanticism, one of the pioneers of the novella, a short novel or long short story. He was also a noted archaeologist and historian, an important figure in the history of architectural preservation. He is best known for his novella Carmen, which became the basis of Bizet's opera Carmen. He learned Russian, a language for which he had great affection, before translating the work of several notable Russian writers, including Pushkin and Gogol, into French. From 1830 until 1860 he was the inspector of French historical monuments, responsible for the protection of many historic sites, including the medieval citadel of Carcassonne and the restoration of the façade of the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. Along with the writer George Sand, he discovered the series of tapestries called The Lady and the Unicorn, arranging for their preservation. He was instrumental in the creation of Musée national du Moyen Âge in Paris, where the tapestries now are displayed. The official database of French monuments, the Base Mérimée, bears his name.

Louis-Chrysostome Michel detto Michel de Bourges (Pourrières, 1797 – Montpellier, 1853) è stato un avvocato e politico francese.

Frédéric François Chopin (born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading composer of his era whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation".

Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola and grew up in Warsaw, which in 1815 became part of Congress Poland. A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his early works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at age 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising; at 21, he settled in Paris. Thereafter he gave only 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself, selling his compositions and giving piano lessons, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska from 1836 to 1837, he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer Aurore Dupin (known by her pen name George Sand). A brief and unhappy visit to Mallorca with Sand in 1838–39 proved one of his most productive periods of composition. In his final years he was supported financially by his admirer Jane Stirling. In poor health most of his life, Chopin died in Paris in 1849 at age 39.

All of Chopin's compositions feature the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos before leaving Warsaw, some chamber music, and 19 songs set to Polish lyrics. His piano pieces are technically demanding and expanded the limits of the instrument; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity. Chopin's major piano works include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, the instrumental ballade (which Chopin created as an instrumental genre), études, impromptus, scherzi, preludes, and sonatas, some published only posthumously. Among the influences on his style of composition were Polish folk music, the classical tradition of Mozart and Schubert, and the atmosphere of the Paris salons, of which he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, harmony, and musical form, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.

Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest celebrities, his indirect association with political insurrection, his high-profile love life, and his early death have made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying historical fidelity. Among his many memorials is the Fryderyk Chopin Institute, which was created by the Polish parliament to research and promote his life and works, and which hosts the prestigious International Chopin Piano Competition, devoted entirely to his works.